Peace Prize for 1962 to Dr, Linus Carl Pauling, the Norwegian committee made an excellent choice. Announcement of the award was timed to coincide with October 10, the day the nuclear ~ test-ban treaty goes into effect. Dr. Pauling is the leading spokesman of scientists in the United States who have sought to end the testing ~ of nuclear weapons, Only one other person has ever received two Nobel prizes. In 1903 Marie Curie shared the physics prize with her husband Pierre and another French sclentist. In 1911 she won.the chemistry prize. ;
Although Dr. Pauling received the Presidential Medal for Merit for "outstanding services to the United States in the Second World War," the State Department denied him a passport in 1952 because of "suspi~ cion" that he had "Communist leanings." . a
The case rocketed into the headlines but the State Department refused to alter its position until after 1954 when Dr. Pauling won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his theory describing the fundamental nature and behavior of molecular bonds, Under the influence of Stalin, Dr. Pauling's theory had been attacked in the USSR as incompatible with dialectical materialism.
Dr. Pauling continued to lead the scientific world in the struggle against nuclear testing. In 1958 he organized the collection of 11,021 signatures of scientists in 49 nations to a petition to the United Nations demanding an end to the tests. In the same year he sued the Defense Department and the Atomic Energy Commission to halt nuclear testing.
The Senate Internal Security subcommittee responded to the petition to the UN with a subpoena. The senatorial witch-hunters sought to com= pel Dr. Pauling to produce the petitions as well as all correspondence relating to the campaign. Dr. Pauling defied his inquisitors, By this action America's world-famous chemist faced prison, but the red=baiting lawemakers thought better of citing him for contempt.
When the Soviet government resumed nuclear testing in 1961, Dr, Pauling went to the USSR. In a radio broadcast he told the Soviet people what he thought of this setback to the long campaign to end the threat of nuclear fallout.
3.
The day after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Pauling celebra-~ ted by making available to the press an article he wrote for the current issue of Minority of One, a radical American publication. In the article he declares that reliable information shows that the United States has twelve times the amount of nuclear weapons needed to destroy every Russian alive while the Soviet Union has eight times the amount needed to wipe out all Americans.
During World War II six megatons of explosives (the equivalent of 6,000,000 tons of dynamite) were used by all the > belligerents combined, This killed 40,000,000 people.
At present, according to Dr. Pauling, the United States possesses 240,000 megatons and the USSR 80,000 megatons, a total of 320,000 mega= tons. But it would take only 10,000 megatons to "lead to the death of essentially all the American people and the destruction of the nation" and only 20,000 megatons to destroy the. Soviet Union,
"as we consider the facts about the capabilities. of destruction that are possessed by the Soviet Union and the United States, we are forced to the conclusion that we are doomed to die if the world contine ues along the path of insanity," Dr. Pauling said. .
"Unless some steps are taken immediately in the direction of disarmament, the United States and the Soviet Union and probably many other countries in the Northern Hemisphere will be destroyed. a
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